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MP3

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 Filename extension .mp3
Internet media type audio/mpeg, audio/MPA, audio/mpa-robust
Type of format Audio
Standard(s) ISO/IEC 11172-3, ISO/IEC 13818-3
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a patented digital audio encoding format using a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on digital audio players.

MP3 is an audio-specific format that was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group as part of its MPEG-1 standard. The group was formed by several teams of engineers at Fraunhofer IIS in Erlangen, Germany, AT&T-Bell Labs (now a division of Alcatel-Lucent) in Murray Hill, NJ, USA, Thomson-Brandt, and CCETT as well as others. It was approved as an ISO/IEC standard in 1991.

The use in MP3 of a lossy compression algorithm is designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent the audio recording and still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners. An MP3 file that is created using the setting of 128 kbit/s will result in a file that is about 1/11th the size of the CD file created from the original audio source. An MP3 file can also be constructed at higher or lower bit rates, with higher or lower resulting quality.

The compression works by reducing accuracy of certain parts of sound that are deemed beyond the auditory resolution ability of most people. This method is commonly referred to as perceptual coding. It internally provides a representation of sound within a short-term time/frequency analysis window, by using psychoacoustic models to discard or reduce precision of components less audible to human hearing, and recording the remaining information in an efficient manner.

This technique is often presented as relatively conceptually similar to the principles used by JPEG, an image compression format. The specific algorithms, however, are rather different: JPEG uses a built-in vision model that is very widely tuned (as is necessary for images), while MP3 uses a complex, precise masking model that is much more signal dependent.


==Development==
The MP3 lossy audio data compression algorithm takes advantage of a perceptual limitation of human hearing called auditory masking. In 1894, Alfred Marshall Mayer reported that a tone could be rendered inaudible by another tone of lower frequency. In 1959, Richard Ehmer described a complete set of auditory curves regarding this phenomenon. Ernst Terhardt et al. created an algorithm describing auditory masking with high accuracy. This work added on a variety of reports from authors dating back to Fletcher, and to the work that initially determined critical ratios and critical bandwidths.

The psychoacoustic masking codec was first proposed in 1979, apparently independently, by Manfred R. Schroeder, et al. from AT&T-Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ, and M. A. Krasner both in the United States. Krasner was the first to publish and to produce hardware for speech, not usable as music bit compression, but the publication of his results as a relatively obscure Lincoln Laboratory Technical Report did not immediately influence the mainstream of psychoacoustic codec development. Manfred Schroeder was already a well-known and revered figure in the worldwide community of acoustical and electrical engineers, and his paper had influence in acoustic and source-coding (audio data compression) research. Both Krasner and Schroeder built upon the work performed by Eberhard F. Zwicker in the areas of tuning and masking of critical bands, that in turn built on the fundamental research in the area from Bell Labs of Harvey Fletcher and his collaborators. A wide variety of (mostly perceptual) audio compression algorithms were reported in IEEE's refereed Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. That journal reported in February 1988 on a wide range of established, working audio bit compression technologies, some of them using auditory masking as part of their fundamental design, and several showing real-time hardware implementations.

The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but that was mistakenly rejected as too complex to implement. The first practical implementation of an audio perceptual coder (OCF) in hardware (Krasner's hardware was too cumbersome and slow for practical use), was an implementation of a psychoacoustic transform coder based on Motorola 56000 DSP chips.

MP3 is directly descended from OCF and PXFM. MP3 represents the outcome of the collaboration of Dr. Karlheinz Brandenburg, working as a postdoc at AT&T-Bell Labs with Mr. James D. Johnston of AT&T-Bell Labs, collaborating with the Fraunhofer Society for Integrated Circuits, Erlangen, with relatively minor contributions from the MP2 branch of psychoacoustic sub-band coders.

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 2 encoding began as the Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) project managed by Egon Meier-Engelen of the Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt (later on called Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, German Aerospace Center) in Germany. The European Community financed this project, commonly known as EU-147, from 1987 to 1994 as a part of the EUREKA research program.

As a doctoral student at Germany's University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Karlheinz Brandenburg began working on digital music compression in the early 1980s, focusing on how people perceive music. He completed his doctoral work in 1989 and became an assistant professor at Erlangen-Nuremberg. While there, he continued to work on music compression with scientists at the Fraunhofer Society (in 1993 he joined the staff of the Fraunhofer Institute).

In 1991 there were two proposals available: Musicam and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding). The Musicam technique, as proposed by Philips (The Netherlands), CCETT (France) and Institut für Rundfunktechnik (Germany) was chosen due to its simplicity and error robustness, as well as its low computational power associated with the encoding of high quality compressed audio. The Musicam format, based on sub-band coding, was the basis of the MPEG Audio compression format (sampling rates, structure of frames, headers, number of samples per frame).

Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the standard was made under the responsibilities of Leon van de Kerkhof (Layer I) and Gerhard Stoll (Layer II).

A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.

All algorithms were approved in 1991 and finalized in 1992 as part of MPEG-1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISO/IEC 11172-3, published in 1993. Further work on MPEG audio was finalized in 1994 as part of the second suite of MPEG standards, MPEG-2, more formally known as international standard ISO/IEC 13818-3, originally published in 1995. There is also MPEG-2.5 audio, a proprietary unofficial extension developed by Fraunhofer IIS. It enables MP3 to work satisfactorily at very low bitrates and added lower sampling frequencies.

Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channel or 2×16 bit), or sometimes the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP parameters (48 kHz, 2×16 bit). Compression ratios with this latter reference are higher, which demonstrates the problem with use of the term compression ratio for lossy encoders.

Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some jokingly refer to Suzanne Vega as "The mother of MP3". Some more critical audio excerpts (glockenspiel, triangle, accordion, etc.) were taken from the EBU V3/SQAM reference compact disc and have been used by professional sound engineers to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG Audio formats. This particular track has an interesting property in that the two channels are almost, but not completely, the same, leading to a case where Binaural Masking Level Depression causes spatial unmasking of noise artifacts unless the encoder properly recognizes the situation and applies corrections similar to those detailed in the MPEG-2 AAC psychoacoustic model.

==Going public==
A reference simulation software implementation, written in the C language and known as ISO 11172-5, was developed by the members of the ISO MPEG Audio committee in order to produce bit compliant MPEG Audio files (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3). Working in non-real time on a number of operating systems, it was able to demonstrate the first real time hardware decoding (DSP based) of compressed audio. Some other real time implementation of MPEG Audio encoders were available for the purpose of digital broadcasting (radio DAB, television DVB) towards consumer receivers and set top boxes.

Later, on July 7, 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc. The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on July 14, 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit). With the first real-time software MP3 player Winplay3 (released September 9, 1995) many people were able to encode and play back MP3 files on their PCs. Because of the relatively small hard drives back in that time (~ 500 MB) lossy compression was essential to store non-instrument based (see tracker and MIDI) music for playback on computer.

==Internet==
From the first half of 1994 through the late 1990s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp (released in 1997), and the Unix audio player mpg123. In 1998, the Rio PMP300, one of the first portable MP3 players was released, despite legal suppression efforts by the RIAA.

In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, was launched in 1999.

The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argue that this free sharing of music reduces sales, and call it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.

Despite the popularity of the MP3 format, online music retailers often use other proprietary formats that are encrypted or obfuscated in order to make it difficult to use purchased music files in ways not specifically authorized by the record companies. Attempting to control the use of files in this way is known as Digital Rights Management. Record companies argue that this is necessary to prevent the files from being made available on peer-to-peer file sharing networks. This has other side effects, though, such as preventing users from playing back their purchased music on different types of devices. However, the audio content of these files can usually be converted into an unencrypted format. For instance, users are often allowed to burn files to audio CD, which requires conversion to an unencrypted audio format.

Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks. Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format.

==Encoding audio==
The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At the present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise their own algorithms suitable for removing parts of the information from the audio input. As a result, there are many different MP3 encoders available, each producing files of differing quality. Comparisons are widely available, so it is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice. It must be kept in mind that an encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates (such as LAME) is not necessarily as good at lower bit rates.

During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples. If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.)

==Decoding audio==
Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output - that they produce from a given MP3 file - will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3). Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process).

==Audio quality==
When performing lossy audio encoding, such as creating an MP3 file, there is a trade-off between the amount of space used and the sound quality of the result. Typically, the creator is allowed to set a bit rate, which specifies how many kilobits the file may use per second of audio. Using a lower bit rate provides a relatively lower audio quality and produces a smaller file size. Likewise, using a higher bit rate outputs a higher quality audio, but also results in a larger file.

Files encoded with a lower bit rate will generally play back at a lower quality. With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e. sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. When this type of audio is compressed, artifacts such as ringing or pre-echo are usually heard. A sample of applause compressed with a relatively low bit rate provides a good example of compression artifacts.

Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders may feature quite different quality, even with identical bit rates. As an example, in a public listening test featuring two different MP3 encoders at about 128 kbit/s, one scored 3.66 on a 1–5 scale, while the other scored only 2.22.

Quality is dependent on the choice of encoder and encoding parameters. However, in 1998, MP3 at 128 kbit/s was providing quality only equivalent to AAC at 64 kbit/s and MP2 at 192 kbit/s.

The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file — this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and faster. However, it is also possible to create files where the bit rate changes throughout the file. These are known as Variable Bit Rate (VBR) files. The idea behind this is that, in any piece of audio, some parts will be much easier to compress, such as silence or music containing only a few instruments, while others will be more difficult to compress. So, the overall quality of the file may be increased by using a lower bit rate for the less complex passages and a higher one for the more complex parts. With some encoders, it is possible to specify a given quality, and the encoder will vary the bit rate accordingly. Users who know a particular "quality setting" that is transparent to their ears can use this value when encoding all of their music, and not need to worry about performing personal listening tests on each piece of music to determine the correct bit rate.

Perceived quality can be influenced by listening environment (ambient noise), listener attention, and listener training and in most cases by listener audio equipment (such as sound cards, speakers and headphones).

A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3 quality music has risen each year. Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music. Others have reached the same conclusion, and some record producers have begun to mix music specifically to be heard on iPods and mobile phones.

==Bit rate==
Several bit rates are specified in the MPEG-1 Audio Layer III standard: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 and 320 kbit/s, and the available sampling frequencies are 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz.[21] Additional extensions were defined in MPEG-2 Audio Layer III: bit rates 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 kbit/s and sampling frequencies 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz.

A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. 128 kbit/s is the most common, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space. As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates like 160 and 192 kbit/s have increased in popularity.

Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of approximately 11:1, 9:1 and 7:1 respectively.

Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to decode streams up to 320 kbit/s.

==VBR==
MPEG audio may use variable bitrate (VBR). Layer III can use bitrate switching and bit reservoir. Variable bitrate is used when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality. The final file size of a VBR encoding is less predictable than with constant bitrate. Average bitrate is a compromise between the two - the bitrate is allowed to vary for more consistent quality, but is controlled to remain near an average value chosen by the user, for predictable file sizes. Although technically an MP3 decoder must support VBR to be standards compliant, historically some decoders have bugs with VBR decoding, particularly before VBR encoders became widespread.

==File structure==

An MP3 file is made up of multiple MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Frames are not independent items ("byte reservoir") and therefore cannot be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio information in terms of frequencies and amplitudes. The diagram shows that the MP3 Header consists of a sync word, which is used to identify the beginning of a valid frame. This is followed by a bit indicating that this is the MPEG standard and two bits that indicate that layer 3 is used; hence MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 or MP3. After this, the values will differ, depending on the MP3 file. ISO/IEC 11172-3 defines the range of values for each section of the header along with the specification of the header. Most MP3 files today contain ID3 metadata, which precedes or follows the MP3 frames; as noted in the diagram.

==Design limitations==
 This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2008)

There are several limitations inherent to the MP3 format that cannot be overcome by any MP3 encoder. Newer audio compression formats such as Vorbis, WMA Pro and AAC no longer have these limitations. In technical terms, MP3 is limited in the following ways:

Time resolution can be too low for highly transient signals and may cause smearing of percussive sounds.
Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution.
The combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be handled partially by the "aliasing compensation" stage; however, that creates excess energy to be coded in the frequency domain, thereby decreasing coding efficiency.
Frequency resolution is limited by the small long block window size, which decreases coding efficiency.
There is no scale factor band for frequencies above 15.5/15.8 kHz.
Joint stereo is done only on a frame-to-frame basis.
Internal handling of the bit reservoir increases encoding delay.
Encoder/decoder overall delay is not defined, which means there is no official provision for gapless playback. However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback.
The data stream can contain an optional checksum, but the checksum only protects the header data, not the audio data.

==ID3 and other tags==
Main articles: ID3 and APEv2 tag
A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents.

As of 2006, the most widespread standard tag formats are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2.

APEv2 was originally developed for the MPC file format. APEv2 can coexist with ID3 tags in the same file or it can be used by itself.

Tag editing functionality is often built into MP3 players and editors, but there also exist tag editors dedicated to the purpose.

==Volume normalization==
Since volume levels of different audio sources can vary greatly, it is sometimes desirable to adjust the playback volume of audio files such that a consistent average volume is perceived. The idea is to control the average volume across multiple files, not the volume peaks in a single file. This gain normalization, while similar in purpose, is distinct from dynamic range compression (DRC), which is a form of normalization used in audio mastering. Gain normalization may defeat the intent of recording artists and audio engineers who deliberately set the volume levels of the audio they recorded.

A few standards for storing the average volume of an MP3 file in its metadata tags, enabling a specially designed player to automatically adjust the overall playback volume for each file, have been proposed. A popular and widely implemented such proposal is "Replay Gain", which is not MP3-specific. When used in MP3s, it is stored differently by different encoders, and as of 2008, Replay Gain-aware players don't yet support all formats.

==Licensing and patent issues==
 This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this section if you can. (November 2008)

Many organizations have claimed ownership of patents related to MP3 decoding or encoding. These claims have led to a number of legal threats and actions from a variety of sources, resulting in uncertainty about which patents must be licensed in order to create MP3 products without committing patent infringement in countries that allow software patents.

The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available in December 6, 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In the United States, patents cannot claim inventions that were already publicly disclosed by the inventor more than a year prior to the filing date, but for patents filed prior to June 8, 1995, submarine patents made it possible to extend the effective lifetime of a patent through application extensions. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable; if only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered MP3 decoding, then MP3 may be patent free in the US by December of 2012.

Thomson Consumer Electronics claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Thomson has been actively enforcing these patents.

MP3 license revenues generated about €100 million for the Fraunhofer Society in 2005.

In September 1998, the Fraunhofer Institute sent a letter to several developers of MP3 software stating that a license was required to "distribute and/or sell decoders and/or encoders". The letter claimed that unlicensed products "infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer and Thomson. To make, sell and/or distribute products using the [MPEG Layer-3] standard and thus our patents, you need to obtain a license under these patents from us."

However, there exist both free and/or proprietary alternatives, with free formats such as Vorbis, AAC, and others. Microsoft's usage of its own proprietary Windows Media format allows it to avoid licensing issues associated with these patents by avoiding usage of the MP3 format entirely. Until the key patents expire, unlicensed encoders and players could be infringing in countries where the patents are valid.

In spite of the patent restrictions, the perpetuation of the MP3 format continues. The reasons for this appear to be the network effects caused by:

familiarity with the format,
the large quantity of music now available in the MP3 format,
the wide variety of existing software and hardware that takes advantage of the file format,
the lack of DRM restrictions, which makes MP3 files easy to edit, copy and play in different portable digital players (Samsung, Apple, Creative, etc.),
the majority of home users not knowing or not caring about the patents' controversy and often not considering such legal issues when choosing their music format for personal use.
Additionally, patent holders declined to enforce license fees on free and open source decoders, which allows many free MP3 decoders to develop. Thus, while patent fees have been an issue for companies that attempt to use MP3, they have not meaningfully impacted users, which allows the format to grow in popularity.

Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents. Motorola also recently signed with Audio MPEG to license MP3-related patents.

In September 2006, German officials seized MP3 players from SanDisk's booth at the IFA show in Berlin after an Italian patents firm won an injunction on behalf of Sisvel against SanDisk in a dispute over licensing rights. The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the same day by another judge from the same court, "bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany" in the words of one commentator.

On February 16, 2007, Texas MP3 Technologies sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk with a patent-infringement lawsuit regarding portable MP3 players. The suit was filed in Marshall, Texas; this is a common location for patent infringement suits due to the speed at which trials are conducted there.

Texas MP3 Technologies claimed infringement with U.S. patent 7,065,417, awarded in June 2006 to multimedia chip-maker SigmaTel, covering "an MPEG portable sound reproducing system and a method for reproducing sound data compressed using the MPEG method."

Alcatel-Lucent also claims ownership of several patents relating to MP3 encoding and compression, inherited from AT&T-Bell Labs. In November 2006 (prior to the companies' merger), Alcatel filed a lawsuit against Microsoft (see Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft), alleging infringement of seven of its patents. On February 23, 2007, a San Diego jury awarded Alcatel-Lucent a record-breaking US$1.52 billion in damages. The judge, however, reversed the jury verdict and ruled for Microsoft, and this ruling was upheld by the court of appeals. The appeals court actually ruled that Fraunhofer was a co-owner of one patent claimed to be owned by Alcatel-Lucent, due to work by James D. Johnston while Dr. Brandenburg worked at AT&T.

In short, with Thomson, Fraunhofer IIS, Sisvel (and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG), Texas MP3 Technologies, and Alcatel-Lucent all claiming legal control of relevant MP3 patents related to decoders, the legal status of MP3 remains unclear in countries where those patents are valid.

==Security issues==
Microsoft Windows Media Format Runtime in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows Server contained a coding error that permitted "remote code execution if a user opened a specially crafted media file". Such a file would allow the attacker to "then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights", if the account on which the file was played had administrator privileges. The problem was addressed in a critical update issued on September 8, 2009 (KB968816).

==Alternative technologies==
Main article: List of codecs
Many other lossy and lossless audio codecs exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents underlying these codecs as well, with others held by Dolby Labs, Sony, Thomson Consumer Electronics, and AT&T. In addition, there is also the open source file format Ogg Vorbis that has been available free of charge and without patent restrictions.

==See also==
Audio compression (data)
Comparison of audio codecs
Copyright infringement
Digital audio player
ID3
Joint stereo
LRC (file format)
Media player
MP3 blog
MP3 Surround
Streaming Media
DJ digital controller
AAC
Ogg Vorbis



Free Music & Music Download

A music download is the transferral of a song from an Internet-facing computer or website to a user's local computer. This term encompasses both legal downloads and downloads of copyright material without permission or payment.
Popular examples of online music stores that sell digital singles and albums include the iTunes Store, Napster, Zune Marketplace, Amazon MP3, Nokia Music Store, TuneTribe, Kazaa and eMusic. Paid downloads are sometimes encoded with Digital Rights Management that restricts making extra copies of the music or playing purchased songs on certain digital audio players. They are almost always compressed using a lossy codec (usually MPEG-1 Layer 3 or Windows Media), reducing file size and therefore bandwidth requirements.
However, this may cause an apparent loss in quality to a listener when compared to a CD, and cause compatibility issues with certain software and devices. Uncompressed files and losslessly compressed files are available at some sites.
As of 2006, digital music sales are estimated to have reached a trade value of approximately US$2 billion, with tracks available through 500 online services located in 40 countries, representing around 10 percent of the total global music market. Around the world in 2006, an estimated five billion songs, equating to 38,000 years in music, were swapped on peer-to-peer websites, while 509 million were purchased online. As of January 2011, Apple's iTunes Store alone saw $1.1 billion of revenue in fiscal Q1.

Music downloads offered by artists
Some artists allow their songs to be downloaded ( FREE ) directly from their websites. This is the case. So do it for free.

Challenges to legal music downloads
Even legal music downloads have faced a number of challenges from artists, record labels and the Recording Industry Association of America. In July 2007, the Universal Music Group decided not to renew their long-term contracts with iTunes. This legal challenge was primarily based upon the issue of pricing of songs, as Universal wanted to be able to charge more or less depending on the artist, a shift away from iTunes' standard 99 cents per song pricing. Many industry leaders feel that this is only the first of many show-downs between Apple Inc. and the various record labels.

Friday, August 09, 2013

Billboard Top 100 & American Music Awards : Selena Gomez

Billboard Top 100 & American Music Awards : Selena Gomez

 Selena Gomez Biography http://music-video-photo-blog.blogspot.com/2011/11/selenagomezgoogleimages2disneydreaming.html   Selena Gomez The Scene Glamour Magazine http://www.flickr.com/photos/44392922@N05/8542141277/   Birth name Selena Marie Gomez  Born July 22, 1992 (1992-07-22) (age 18) Grand Prairie, Texas, United States  Genres Dance-pop, pop rock  Occupations Actress, singer, songwriter, fashion designer  Instruments Vocals  Years active 2002–present  Labels Hollywood  Associated acts Selena Gomez & the Scene  Website http://www.selenagomez.com   Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador who is best known for her contributions in the role of Alex Russo to the Emmy Award-winning Disney Channel television series Wizards of Waverly Place. She subsequently ventured into feature films and has starred in the television movies Another Cinderella Story, Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, and Princess Protection Program and made her theatrical film debut in Ramona and Beezus.  Enhancing her repertoire into the music industry, Gomez is the lead singer for the pop band Selena Gomez & the Scene who, together, have released two studio albums Kiss & Tell and A Year Without Rain. She has also contributed to the soundtracks of Tinker Bell, Another Cinderella Story and Wizards of Waverly Place after signing a record deal with Hollywood Records.  Contents  1 Early life 2 Acting career 3 Music career  3.1 Solo career 3.2 Selena Gomez & the Scene 4 Other projects  4.1 Philanthropy 4.2 Entrepreneurship 5 Personal life 6 Filmography 7 Discography  7.1 Singles 7.2 Other songs 7.3 Music videos 8 Awards and nominations    Early life  Gomez was born in Grand Prairie, Texas to Ricardo Gomez and former stage actress Mandy Teefey (née Cornett). Her father is Mexican American and her mother is of half Italian descent. Her birth parents divorced when she was five years old, and she was raised as an only child by her working mother. In 2006, Mandy remarried Brian Teefey. She is named after Tejano singer Selena. In a 2009 interview with People, Gomez mentioned that she developed an early interest in acting from watching her mother prepare for and act in theater productions. She earned a high school diploma through homeschooling in May 2010.  Acting career  Gomez on the studio set of Wizards of Waverly Place before filming an episode for the show's first season in April, 2007Gomez began her acting career at age seven, playing Gianna on Barney & Friends. She said that she learned "everything" about how to act while on the show. Season 7 of Barney & Friends, when Selena Gomez was on the show, was held up for some time. Because of this, the episodes featuring Gomez did not air until she was in 5th grade. This resulted in some mild controversy/confusion as to whether she was on Barney in the 5th grade or the 1st grade. She later had minor roles in Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over and the TV film Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial By Fire. In 2004, Gomez was discovered by the Disney Channel in a nation wide scouting. Gomez appeared as a guest star on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and had a guest appearance – that later turned into a recurring role – on Hannah Montana from season's two to three. In early 2007 Gomez was cast in the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place as one of the three main characters, Alex Russo.  In 2008, Gomez appeared in Another Cinderella Story, the direct-to-DVD sequel to the 2004 Hilary Duff film, opposite Drew Seeley. She also had a minor voiceover role as one the Mayor's ninety-six daughters in Horton Hears a Who! which released in March of that year. In April, Lacey Rose, of Forbes ranked Gomez as being fifth on their "Eight Hot Kid Stars To Watch" list; and Rose described Gomez as having been "a multitalented teen". In June, 2009, Gomez appeared in the made-for-television Disney Channel movie, Princess Protection Program with her then best friend Demi Lovato. On August 28, one month after appearing in Princess Protection Program, Gomez appeared in Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, a made-for-television film based on the show.    Selena on location in Paris, France filming Monte Carlo in June 2010In 2009, Gomez did a guest appearance as herself in one episode, of Lovato's Disney Channel television show Sonny With a Chance, entitled "Battle of The Network Stars". Gomez, along with two cast members of Wizards of Waverly Place appeared in a television three-way cross-over episode with Hannah Montana and The Suite Life on Deck, entitled Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana. In February 2009, Gomez signed on to star as one of the two female leads in Ramona and Beezus, a film adaption of the children's novel series by Beverly Cleary. In March, 2010, Variety reported that Gomez was set to star as one of the three lead roles in Monte Carlo.  Music careerSolo career "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" (2008) Gomez's first song to chart on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.  In 2008, Gomez recorded a cover of "Cruella de Vil" -which included a music video for – for the compilation album DisneyMania 6. Gomez recorded three songs for the Another Cinderella Story soundtrack, which Gomez appears in. Gomez also recorded "Fly to Your Heart" for the 2008 animated film Tinker Bell. In July 2008 – before Gomez' sixteenth birthday, she signed a recording deal with Hollywood Records, a music label owned by Disney. In 2009, Gomez recorded "One and the Same" for Princess Protection Program as a duet with Lovato – they both appear in the film. Gomez recorded four songs, one of which was a cover, for the Wizards of Waverly Place soundtrack, only one single (Magic) from the album was released. In May, of the same year, Gomez was featured – with Forever the Sickest Kids, on a duet version of the non-album song "Whoa Oh!".  Selena Gomez & the SceneMain article: Selena Gomez & the Scene Formed in 2009, Selena Gomez & the Scene (aka Selena & The Scene) is a teen pop band which consists of Selena Gomez on vocals, Ethan Roberts on guitar, Joey Clement on bass, Greg Garman on drums and Dane Forrest on keyboards. Kiss & Tell is the band's debut studio album and was released on September 29, 2009 by Hollywood Records. On March 5, 2010, the album was certified Gold by RIAA. The album's single, "Naturally", was certified Platinum by the RIAA on July 15, 2010. The band's second album A Year Without Rain was released on September 17, 2010. The record debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 4, selling 66,000 copies.  Other projectsPhilanthropyGomez was involved in the UR Votes Count campaign which helped encourage teenagers to learn more about 2008 Presidential candidates (Barack Obama and John McCain). In October 2008, Gomez participated in St. Jude's Children's Hospital "Runway For Life" benefit. Gomez is a spokesperson for Borden Milk; she is featured in the campaign's print and television ads. She is the ambassador of DoSomething.org after being involved with the charity Island Dog, which help dogs in Puerto Rico. She got involved while filming Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie in Puerto Rico. Gomez is a spokesperson for State Farm Insurance, and is featured in their TV commercials; which air on the Disney Channel, to raise awareness of being a safe driver. Gomez is also involved with the charity RAISE Hope For Congo, the charity helps raise awareness about the violence against Congolese women, in the Congo.  In October 2008, Gomez was named UNICEF's spokesperson for the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign, which encouraged children to raise money on Halloween to help children around the world. She said that she was "extremely excited" to "encourage other kids to make a difference in the world."  In August 2009, a 17-year-old Gomez became the youngest UNICEF ambassador ever, passing fellow songstress Hayley Westenra, who had been 18. In her first official field mission, Gomez traveled to Ghana on September 4, 2009 for a week to witness first-hand the stark conditions of vulnerable children that lack vital necessities including clean water, nourishment, education and healthcare. Gomez explained during an interview with Associated Press that she wanted to use her star power to bring awareness to Ghana: “That’s why I feel very honored to have a voice that kids listen to and take into consideration I had people on my tour asking me where IS Ghana, and they Googled it and because I went there, they now know where Ghana is. So it’s pretty incredible.” Gomez said of her role as ambassador that: "Every day 25,000 children die from preventable causes. I stand with UNICEF in the belief that we can change that number from 25,000 to zero. I know we can achieve this because every moment, UNICEF is on the ground providing children with the lifesaving assistance needed to ensure zero becomes a reality."  Gomez was named spokesperson for UNICEF's 2009 Trick-or-Treat campaign, for the second year in a row. Gomez, who raised over $700,000 for the charity in 2008, stated that she hopes to be able to raise 1 million dollars in 2009. Gomez participated in a celebrity auction and hosted a live web cast series on Facebook in support of the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign. Gomez will return as the UNICEF spokesperson for the 60th anniversary of Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign in 2010.  Gomez is involved in Disney's Friends for Change, an organization which promotes "environmently-friendly behavior", and appears in its public service announcements to raise awareness for the cause on the Disney Channel. Gomez, Demi Lovato, Miley Cyrus, and the Jonas Brothers recorded "Send It On", a charity single which serves as the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change in 2009. The song debuted on the Hot 100 at number twenty. Disney's Friends For Change will direct all of its proceeds from "Send it On" to environmental charities to the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund. On October 6, 2009, Gomez made a surprise visit to a Los Angeles elementary school as part of the "A Day Made Better" program that was sponsored by OfficeMax. During her visit, Gomez gave the school an award, and gave them $1,000 worth of school supplies. Gomez spent the day with the students and talked about the importance of giving back to the community.  Entrepreneurship  Gomez on the set of her music video for "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" in July 2008Gomez was part of Sears back-to-school fashion ad campaign. As part of the campaign Gomez was featured in the television commercials. In August 2009, Gomez also hosted the "Sears Arrive Air Band Casting Call" – to select five people for the first-ever "Sears Air Band", which performed at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards.  In October 2008, Gomez launched her own production company, July Moon Productions, and partnered with XYZ Films to create star vehicles for Gomez. As part of the agreement Gomez will have the opportunity to be able option articles, hire writers and create talent packages to shop to studios. Also, as part of the deal, "XYZ Films will allow Gomez to star in and produce at least two films. Variety reported that: "In August, XYZ inked a similar deal with Time Inc. and management-production company the Collective to finance the development of the print media giant's content for the bigscreen As part of the July Moon-XYZ deal, Gomez will have the ability to cherry-pick projects from the vast Time Inc. library, which includes Time, Sports Illustrated, Fortune and Life."  In October, 2009, Gomez announced her plan to launch her own fashion line, called "Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez", which is set to launch in fall 2010. The clothing line will consist of and feature bohemian dresses, floral tops, jeans, skirts, jackets, scarves and hats, all made from recycled or eco-friendly materials. Gomez said that the line will reflect her own personal style and described the clothing as being "pretty, feminine, and bohemian," and: "With my line, I really want to give the customer options on how they can put their own looks together I want the pieces that can be easy to dress up or down, and the fabrics being eco-friendly and organic is super important  Also, the tags will all have some of my inspirational quotes on them. I'm just looking to send a good message." Gomez, who has no background in fashion, teamed up with designers Tony Melillo and Sandra Campos, both who have worked with big-name fashion houses. Gomez said of the partnering: "When I met Tony and Sandra, I was instantly comfortable with them and now they are just like family to me  They are so creative and I love how I can just call them up whenever and talk to them about everything, even if it's just about changing a button They've been so cool about everything." The brand will be manufactured by, Melillo and Campos teamed with New York-based Adjmi Apparel and formed by Adjmi CH Brands LLC; which is the holding company for the brand.  Personal lifeGomez began wearing a purity ring when she was 12 years old. She is the owner of five rescue dogs and describes herself as a "huge animal lover".  After Gomez and Lovato, whom she first met at the Barney & Friends auditions, posted a video blog on YouTube in March 2008, Miley Cyrus and her friend Mandy Jiroux uploaded a parody of that video, which caught the interest of entertainment media. Reports included the theory that Gomez and Lovato might replace Cyrus. Gomez clarified there was no feud, saying: "I'm not interested in being anybody but myself, and I'm not here to replace anyone. I think that she's a wonderful performer, and of course it's a compliment. But I would like to take a different route." In answering a question on Hispanic heritage, to stationery provider Scholastic's news service for kids and teens, Gomez said: "My family does have Quinceañeras, and we go to the communion church. We do everything that's Catholic, but we don't really have anything traditional except go to the park and have barbeques on Sundays after church."  In January 2011, Gomez began receiving death threats via Twitter from fans of Justin Bieber after pictures surfaced of the two kissing. Gomez however remained coy about their relationship stating, "We just like to hang out. They shouldn't be stopping us from going out to dinner and things like that".  FilmographyFilm Year Title Role Notes  2003 Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over Waterpark Girl Minor role  2005 Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial by Fire Julie Television movie  2006 Brain Zapped Emily Grace Garcia Television movie  2008 Another Cinderella Story Mary Santiago Direct-to-video Main role  2008 Horton Hears a Who! Helga (Voice)  2009 Princess Protection Program Carter Mason Disney Channel Original Movie Main role  2009 Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Alex Russo Disney Channel Original Movie Main role  2009 Arthur and the Vengeance of Maltazard Princess Selenia (Voice) (Replaced Madonna)  2010 Ramona and Beezus Beatrice "Beezus" Quimby Main role  2011 Monte Carlo Grace Main role   Television Year Title Role Notes  2002 to 2003 Barney & Friends Gianna Recurring role  2006 The Suite Life of Zack & Cody Gwen "A Midsummer's Nightmare" (Season 2, episode 22)  2007 to 2008 Hannah Montana Mikayla "I Want You to Want Me... to Go to Florida" (Season 2, episode 13) "That's What Friends Are For?" (Season 2, episode 18) "(We're So Sorry) Uncle Earl" (Season 2, episode 22) (uncredited)  2009 Sonny With a Chance Herself "Battle of the Networks' Stars" (Season 1, episode 13)  2009 The Suite Life on Deck Alex Russo "Double-Crossed" (Season 1, episode 21)  2007 to present Wizards of Waverly Place Alex Russo Main role   Music videos Year Title Artist Notes  2008 "Burnin' Up" Jonas Brothers Played Nick Jonas' love interest   DiscographySee also: Selena Gomez & the Scene discography SinglesYear Song Chart positions Album  US CAN  2008 "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" 58 — Another Cinderella Story  2009 "Magic" (Originally by Pilot) 61 86 Wizards of Waverly Place  As a featured artist  2009 "Whoa Oh!" (with Forever The Sickest Kids) — — Non-album single  2009 "One and the Same" (with Demi Lovato) 82 — Disney Channel Playlist  2009 "Send It On" (with Demi Lovato, Jonas Brothers, and Miley Cyrus) 20 — Non-album song   Other songsYear Song Album  2006 "Brain Zapped" Brain Zapped  2008 "Cruella de Vil" Disneymania 6  2008 "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" Another Cinderella Story  2008 "New Classic" (featuring Drew Seeley) Another Cinderella Story  2008 "Bang a Drum" Another Cinderella Story  2008 "New Classic" (Live) (featuring Drew Seeley) Another Cinderella Story  2008 "Fly to Your Heart" Tinker Bell  2009 "One and the Same" (with Demi Lovato) Disney Channel Playlist  2009 "Everything Is Not What It Seems" Wizards of Waverly Place  2009 "Disappear" Wizards of Waverly Place  2009 "Magical" Wizards of Waverly Place  2009 "Magic" Wizards of Waverly Place  2010 "Trust in Me" (From Disney's The Jungle Book) Disneymania 7   Music videosYear Title  2008 "Cruella de Vil"  2008 "Tell Me Something I Don't Know"  2008 "Fly to Your Heart"  2009 "One and the Same"  2009 "Magic"  2009 "Send It On"   Awards and nominationsYear Award Category Work Outcome  2008 Alma Award Outstanding Female Performance in a Comedy Television Series Wizards of Waverly Place Nominated  Imagen Awards Best Actress – Television  2009 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Performance in a Youth/Children's Program – Series or Special  Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Favorite TV Actress Won  Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries, or Special – Leading Young Actress Another Cinderella Story  Best Performance in a TV Series – Leading Young Actress Wizards of Waverly Place Nominated  Best Performance in a Voice-over Role Horton Hears a Who!  Teen Choice Awards "Choice Summer- Celebrity Dancer" Another Cinderella Story Won  "Choice Summer – TV Star-Female" Princess Protection Program  "Choice Other Stuff – Red Carpet Icon: Female" Herself  Imagen Awards Best Actress – Television Wizards of Waverly Place Nominated  Alma Award Special Achievement Comedy - Television - Actress Won  Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards Fave International TV Star Nominated  2010 Gracie Award Outstanding Female Rising Star in a Comedy Series Won  NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Performance in a Youth/Children's Program – Series or Special Nominated  Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Favorite TV Actress Won  Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries, or Special – Leading Young Actress Princess Protection Program Nominated  BET Awards YoungStars Award Wizards of Waverly Place  American Latino Awards Favorite American Latino Actor Pending  Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress: Comedy Won  Choice Red Carpet Fashion Icon: Female Herself  Choice Summer: Movie Star- Female Ramona and Beezus Nominated  Imagen Awards Best Actress - Television Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie  Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards Fave TV Star Wizards of Waverly Place Won   Related Websites: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selena_Gomez http://www.selenagomez.com/ http://twitter.com/SELENAGOMEZ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1411125 http://selenaweb.org/ http://www.buddytv.com/selena-gomez.aspx http://www.facebook.com/Selena?v=app_178091127385 http://www.selena-fan.org/ http://www.myspace.com/selenagomez    TAGS : Selena Gomez Biography, Selena Marie Gomez, Grand Prairie, Texas,Genres, Dance-pop, pop rock, Actress, singer, songwriter, fashion designer, Instruments, Vocals, Labels, Hollywood, American actress, UNICEF, Goodwill Ambassador, Alex Russo,  Alex Russo, Emmy Award-winning, Disney Channel, television, series, Wizards of Waverly Place, movies, Another Cinderella Story, Cinderella Story, Filmography, Discography, Music videos, songs, Singles, Jonas Brothers,
Billboard Top 100 & American Music Awards : Selena Gomez


American Music Award
Awarded for Outstanding achievements for American artists in the record industry.
Country United States
Official website http://www.americanmusicawards.com/
The American Music Awards is an annual American music awards show.

Contents  
1 History and overview
1.1 Conception
1.2 Differences between the AMAs and Grammy Awards
1.3 Favorite Artist of the Year
1.4 Hosts
1.5 Artists that won most awards
1.6 Artists that won the most in a single year
1.7 Special Poll
2 See also
3 References

History and overview

Conception
The AMAs were created by Dick Clark in 1973 to compete with the Grammys after the move of that year's show to Nashville, Tennessee led to CBS picking up the Grammy telecasts after its first two in 1971 and 1972 were broadcast on ABC. Michael Jackson and Donny Osmond co-hosted the first award show with Rodney Allen Rippy and Ricky Segall in 1974.

Differences between the AMAs and Grammy Awards
While the Grammy Awards are awarded based on votes by members of the entertainment industry, the AMAs are determined by a poll of music buyers. The American Music Awards have nominations based on sales, airplay, activity on social networks, and video viewing and can nominate only the works released between 1 December of the previous year and 1 September of the current year. Before 2010 had nominations based only on sales and airplay and nominated every work, even if old. The Grammys have nominations based on vote of the Academy and only nominate a work from their eligibility period that changes often.

Favorite Artist of the Year
In 1996, the AMAs instituted a new award, Favorite Artist of the Year, which was awarded to Garth Brooks. Brooks left the award on the podium because he didn't believe in the concept of picking an artist of the year. The category was discontinued.
In 2004, the AMAs brought in a new category entitled "T-Mobile Text-In Award", which resembled the Favorite Artist of the Year. The academy chose one artist each from five genres of music (rap, rock, pop, R&B, country) to compete in one category, with the public texting its votes.

Hosts
The first hosts for the first telecast of the AMAs were Helen Reddy, Roger Miller, and Smokey Robinson. Helen Reddy not only hosted the show but also became the first female artist to win an AMA for Favorite Pop/Rock Female artist. For the first decade or so, the AMAs had multiple hosts, each representing a genre of music. For instance, Glen Campbell would host the country portion (Campbell, in fact, has co-hosted the AMAs more times than any other host or co-host), while other artists would co-host to represent his/her genre. In recent years, however, there has been one single host. For the 2008 awards, Jimmy Kimmel hosted for the fourth consecutive year. In 2009, there was no host for the first time in history. Instead, the AMAs followed the Grammys' lead in having various celebrities give introductions.
From its inception in 1973 until 2003, the AMAs have been held in mid- to late-January, but were moved to November beginning in 2003 so as not to further compete with other major awards shows (such as the Golden Globe Awards and the Academy Awards) and allows for ABC to have a well-rated awards show during November sweeps.

Artists that won most awards
The record for most American Music Awards won is held by Michael Jackson, who has amassed twenty-six awards (twenty-four as solo artist), including one for "Artist of the Century," but not the poll of "Artist of the '80s". The most American Music Awards for a group belongs to Alabama who have collected twenty-three awards and for a female artist belongs to Whitney Houston with twenty-two awards.

Artists that won the most in a single year
The record for the most American Music Awards won in a single year is held by both Michael Jackson (in 1984), and Whitney Houston (in 1994), each with 8 awards to their credit (including the Award of Merit, with which both artists were honored in the respective years).

Special Poll
In 2000 the AMAs held a poll to elect the Artist of the Decade for each previous decade of the Rock & Roll era. The results were:
'50s: Elvis Presley
'60s: The Beatles
'70s: Stevie Wonder
'80s: Michael Jackson
'90s: Garth Brooks
According to some sources, the result of this poll is not counted in the total of AMAs won by these artists.

v · d · eAmerican Music Awards

v · d · eAmerican music award shows

See also

Japan Music Award (similar Japanese music show)

References

 a b "Taylor Swift, Michael Jackson dominate American Music Awards nominations [UPDATED "]. Los Angeles Times. (October 13, 2009). Retrieved October 14, 2009.
 "Eminem, Bieber outscore Lady Gaga in AMA nods" . Reuters. (October 12, 2010). Retrieved October 12, 2010.
 Johnson Jr., Billy ((October 12, 2010)). "Lady Gaga Snubbed At American Music Awards Nominations" . Retrieved October 14, 2010.
 "Brooks ropes 3 American Music Awards" . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. (January 30, 1996). Retrieved September 22, 2011.
 American Music Awards listing on Fact Monster , retrieved 2009-09-25
 Winners at the 32nd annual American Music Awards at USATODAY , retrieved 2009-09-25
 "Alabama Wins 23rd AMA Award" . CMT. (November 17, 2003). Retrieved May 12, 2010.
 "2009 American Music Awards: Scorecard" . Los Angeles Times. (November 22, 2009). Retrieved November 23, 2009.
 "Keys, Destiny's Child, McGraw win at American Music Awards" . Lodi News-Sentinel. (January 10, 2002). Retrieved June 16, 2010.
 a b "Lauryn Hill, Backstreet Boys, DMX Honored With American Music Awards" . MTV. (January 18, 2000). Retrieved June 16, 2010.
 a b "List of American Music Awards winners" . Sun Journal. (January 18, 2000). Retrieved June 16, 2010.
 a b "Santana wins top album honors at American Music Awards" . Times Daily. (January 18, 2000). Retrieved June 16, 2010.
 Jay Lustig (November 13, 2009). "Whitney Houston to appear live at the American Music Awards" . nj.com. Retrieved November 16, 2009.

Selena Gomez Biography
http://music-video-photo-blog.blogspot.com/2011/11/selenagomezgoogleimages2disneydreaming.html

Selena Gomez The Scene Glamour Magazine
http://www.flickr.com/photos/44392922@N05/8542141277/

Birth name Selena Marie Gomez
Born July 22, 1992 (1992-07-22) (age 18)
Grand Prairie, Texas, United States
Genres Dance-pop, pop rock
Occupations Actress, singer, songwriter, fashion designer
Instruments Vocals
Years active 2002–present
Labels Hollywood
Associated acts Selena Gomez & the Scene
Website http://www.selenagomez.com

Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador who is best known for her contributions in the role of Alex Russo to the Emmy Award-winning Disney Channel television series Wizards of Waverly Place. She subsequently ventured into feature films and has starred in the television movies Another Cinderella Story, Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, and Princess Protection Program and made her theatrical film debut in Ramona and Beezus.

Enhancing her repertoire into the music industry, Gomez is the lead singer for the pop band Selena Gomez & the Scene who, together, have released two studio albums Kiss & Tell and A Year Without Rain. She has also contributed to the soundtracks of Tinker Bell, Another Cinderella Story and Wizards of Waverly Place after signing a record deal with Hollywood Records.

Contents
1 Early life
2 Acting career
3 Music career
3.1 Solo career
3.2 Selena Gomez & the Scene
4 Other projects
4.1 Philanthropy
4.2 Entrepreneurship
5 Personal life
6 Filmography
7 Discography
7.1 Singles
7.2 Other songs
7.3 Music videos
8 Awards and nominations


Early life
Gomez was born in Grand Prairie, Texas to Ricardo Gomez and former stage actress Mandy Teefey (née Cornett). Her father is Mexican American and her mother is of half Italian descent. Her birth parents divorced when she was five years old, and she was raised as an only child by her working mother. In 2006, Mandy remarried Brian Teefey. She is named after Tejano singer Selena. In a 2009 interview with People, Gomez mentioned that she developed an early interest in acting from watching her mother prepare for and act in theater productions. She earned a high school diploma through homeschooling in May 2010.

Acting career
Gomez on the studio set of Wizards of Waverly Place before filming an episode for the show's first season in April, 2007Gomez began her acting career at age seven, playing Gianna on Barney & Friends. She said that she learned "everything" about how to act while on the show. Season 7 of Barney & Friends, when Selena Gomez was on the show, was held up for some time. Because of this, the episodes featuring Gomez did not air until she was in 5th grade. This resulted in some mild controversy/confusion as to whether she was on Barney in the 5th grade or the 1st grade. She later had minor roles in Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over and the TV film Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial By Fire. In 2004, Gomez was discovered by the Disney Channel in a nation wide scouting. Gomez appeared as a guest star on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and had a guest appearance – that later turned into a recurring role – on Hannah Montana from season's two to three. In early 2007 Gomez was cast in the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place as one of the three main characters, Alex Russo.

In 2008, Gomez appeared in Another Cinderella Story, the direct-to-DVD sequel to the 2004 Hilary Duff film, opposite Drew Seeley. She also had a minor voiceover role as one the Mayor's ninety-six daughters in Horton Hears a Who! which released in March of that year. In April, Lacey Rose, of Forbes ranked Gomez as being fifth on their "Eight Hot Kid Stars To Watch" list; and Rose described Gomez as having been "a multitalented teen". In June, 2009, Gomez appeared in the made-for-television Disney Channel movie, Princess Protection Program with her then best friend Demi Lovato. On August 28, one month after appearing in Princess Protection Program, Gomez appeared in Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, a made-for-television film based on the show.


Selena on location in Paris, France filming Monte Carlo in June 2010In 2009, Gomez did a guest appearance as herself in one episode, of Lovato's Disney Channel television show Sonny With a Chance, entitled "Battle of The Network Stars". Gomez, along with two cast members of Wizards of Waverly Place appeared in a television three-way cross-over episode with Hannah Montana and The Suite Life on Deck, entitled Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana. In February 2009, Gomez signed on to star as one of the two female leads in Ramona and Beezus, a film adaption of the children's novel series by Beverly Cleary. In March, 2010, Variety reported that Gomez was set to star as one of the three lead roles in Monte Carlo.

Music careerSolo career "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" (2008)
Gomez's first song to chart on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

In 2008, Gomez recorded a cover of "Cruella de Vil" -which included a music video for – for the compilation album DisneyMania 6. Gomez recorded three songs for the Another Cinderella Story soundtrack, which Gomez appears in. Gomez also recorded "Fly to Your Heart" for the 2008 animated film Tinker Bell. In July 2008 – before Gomez' sixteenth birthday, she signed a recording deal with Hollywood Records, a music label owned by Disney. In 2009, Gomez recorded "One and the Same" for Princess Protection Program as a duet with Lovato – they both appear in the film. Gomez recorded four songs, one of which was a cover, for the Wizards of Waverly Place soundtrack, only one single (Magic) from the album was released. In May, of the same year, Gomez was featured – with Forever the Sickest Kids, on a duet version of the non-album song "Whoa Oh!".

Selena Gomez & the SceneMain article: Selena Gomez & the Scene
Formed in 2009, Selena Gomez & the Scene (aka Selena & The Scene) is a teen pop band which consists of Selena Gomez on vocals, Ethan Roberts on guitar, Joey Clement on bass, Greg Garman on drums and Dane Forrest on keyboards. Kiss & Tell is the band's debut studio album and was released on September 29, 2009 by Hollywood Records. On March 5, 2010, the album was certified Gold by RIAA. The album's single, "Naturally", was certified Platinum by the RIAA on July 15, 2010. The band's second album A Year Without Rain was released on September 17, 2010. The record debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 4, selling 66,000 copies.

Other projectsPhilanthropyGomez was involved in the UR Votes Count campaign which helped encourage teenagers to learn more about 2008 Presidential candidates (Barack Obama and John McCain). In October 2008, Gomez participated in St. Jude's Children's Hospital "Runway For Life" benefit. Gomez is a spokesperson for Borden Milk; she is featured in the campaign's print and television ads. She is the ambassador of DoSomething.org after being involved with the charity Island Dog, which help dogs in Puerto Rico. She got involved while filming Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie in Puerto Rico. Gomez is a spokesperson for State Farm Insurance, and is featured in their TV commercials; which air on the Disney Channel, to raise awareness of being a safe driver. Gomez is also involved with the charity RAISE Hope For Congo, the charity helps raise awareness about the violence against Congolese women, in the Congo.

In October 2008, Gomez was named UNICEF's spokesperson for the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign, which encouraged children to raise money on Halloween to help children around the world. She said that she was "extremely excited" to "encourage other kids to make a difference in the world."

In August 2009, a 17-year-old Gomez became the youngest UNICEF ambassador ever, passing fellow songstress Hayley Westenra, who had been 18. In her first official field mission, Gomez traveled to Ghana on September 4, 2009 for a week to witness first-hand the stark conditions of vulnerable children that lack vital necessities including clean water, nourishment, education and healthcare. Gomez explained during an interview with Associated Press that she wanted to use her star power to bring awareness to Ghana: “That’s why I feel very honored to have a voice that kids listen to and take into consideration I had people on my tour asking me where IS Ghana, and they Googled it and because I went there, they now know where Ghana is. So it’s pretty incredible.” Gomez said of her role as ambassador that: "Every day 25,000 children die from preventable causes. I stand with UNICEF in the belief that we can change that number from 25,000 to zero. I know we can achieve this because every moment, UNICEF is on the ground providing children with the lifesaving assistance needed to ensure zero becomes a reality."

Gomez was named spokesperson for UNICEF's 2009 Trick-or-Treat campaign, for the second year in a row. Gomez, who raised over $700,000 for the charity in 2008, stated that she hopes to be able to raise 1 million dollars in 2009. Gomez participated in a celebrity auction and hosted a live web cast series on Facebook in support of the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign. Gomez will return as the UNICEF spokesperson for the 60th anniversary of Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign in 2010.

Gomez is involved in Disney's Friends for Change, an organization which promotes "environmently-friendly behavior", and appears in its public service announcements to raise awareness for the cause on the Disney Channel. Gomez, Demi Lovato, Miley Cyrus, and the Jonas Brothers recorded "Send It On", a charity single which serves as the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change in 2009. The song debuted on the Hot 100 at number twenty. Disney's Friends For Change will direct all of its proceeds from "Send it On" to environmental charities to the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund. On October 6, 2009, Gomez made a surprise visit to a Los Angeles elementary school as part of the "A Day Made Better" program that was sponsored by OfficeMax. During her visit, Gomez gave the school an award, and gave them $1,000 worth of school supplies. Gomez spent the day with the students and talked about the importance of giving back to the community.

Entrepreneurship
Gomez on the set of her music video for "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" in July 2008Gomez was part of Sears back-to-school fashion ad campaign. As part of the campaign Gomez was featured in the television commercials. In August 2009, Gomez also hosted the "Sears Arrive Air Band Casting Call" – to select five people for the first-ever "Sears Air Band", which performed at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards.

In October 2008, Gomez launched her own production company, July Moon Productions, and partnered with XYZ Films to create star vehicles for Gomez. As part of the agreement Gomez will have the opportunity to be able option articles, hire writers and create talent packages to shop to studios. Also, as part of the deal, "XYZ Films will allow Gomez to star in and produce at least two films. Variety reported that: "In August, XYZ inked a similar deal with Time Inc. and management-production company the Collective to finance the development of the print media giant's content for the bigscreen As part of the July Moon-XYZ deal, Gomez will have the ability to cherry-pick projects from the vast Time Inc. library, which includes Time, Sports Illustrated, Fortune and Life."

In October, 2009, Gomez announced her plan to launch her own fashion line, called "Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez", which is set to launch in fall 2010. The clothing line will consist of and feature bohemian dresses, floral tops, jeans, skirts, jackets, scarves and hats, all made from recycled or eco-friendly materials. Gomez said that the line will reflect her own personal style and described the clothing as being "pretty, feminine, and bohemian," and: "With my line, I really want to give the customer options on how they can put their own looks together I want the pieces that can be easy to dress up or down, and the fabrics being eco-friendly and organic is super important  Also, the tags will all have some of my inspirational quotes on them. I'm just looking to send a good message." Gomez, who has no background in fashion, teamed up with designers Tony Melillo and Sandra Campos, both who have worked with big-name fashion houses. Gomez said of the partnering: "When I met Tony and Sandra, I was instantly comfortable with them and now they are just like family to me  They are so creative and I love how I can just call them up whenever and talk to them about everything, even if it's just about changing a button They've been so cool about everything." The brand will be manufactured by, Melillo and Campos teamed with New York-based Adjmi Apparel and formed by Adjmi CH Brands LLC; which is the holding company for the brand.

Personal lifeGomez began wearing a purity ring when she was 12 years old. She is the owner of five rescue dogs and describes herself as a "huge animal lover".

After Gomez and Lovato, whom she first met at the Barney & Friends auditions, posted a video blog on YouTube in March 2008, Miley Cyrus and her friend Mandy Jiroux uploaded a parody of that video, which caught the interest of entertainment media. Reports included the theory that Gomez and Lovato might replace Cyrus. Gomez clarified there was no feud, saying: "I'm not interested in being anybody but myself, and I'm not here to replace anyone. I think that she's a wonderful performer, and of course it's a compliment. But I would like to take a different route." In answering a question on Hispanic heritage, to stationery provider Scholastic's news service for kids and teens, Gomez said: "My family does have Quinceañeras, and we go to the communion church. We do everything that's Catholic, but we don't really have anything traditional except go to the park and have barbeques on Sundays after church."

In January 2011, Gomez began receiving death threats via Twitter from fans of Justin Bieber after pictures surfaced of the two kissing. Gomez however remained coy about their relationship stating, "We just like to hang out. They shouldn't be stopping us from going out to dinner and things like that".

FilmographyFilm
Year Title Role Notes
2003 Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over Waterpark Girl Minor role
2005 Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial by Fire Julie Television movie
2006 Brain Zapped Emily Grace Garcia Television movie
2008 Another Cinderella Story Mary Santiago Direct-to-video
Main role
2008 Horton Hears a Who! Helga (Voice)
2009 Princess Protection Program Carter Mason Disney Channel Original Movie
Main role
2009 Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Alex Russo Disney Channel Original Movie
Main role
2009 Arthur and the Vengeance of Maltazard Princess Selenia (Voice)
(Replaced Madonna)
2010 Ramona and Beezus Beatrice "Beezus" Quimby Main role
2011 Monte Carlo Grace Main role

Television
Year Title Role Notes
2002 to 2003 Barney & Friends Gianna Recurring role
2006 The Suite Life of Zack & Cody Gwen "A Midsummer's Nightmare" (Season 2, episode 22)
2007 to 2008 Hannah Montana Mikayla "I Want You to Want Me... to Go to Florida" (Season 2, episode 13)
"That's What Friends Are For?" (Season 2, episode 18)
"(We're So Sorry) Uncle Earl" (Season 2, episode 22) (uncredited)
2009 Sonny With a Chance Herself "Battle of the Networks' Stars" (Season 1, episode 13)
2009 The Suite Life on Deck Alex Russo "Double-Crossed" (Season 1, episode 21)
2007 to present Wizards of Waverly Place Alex Russo Main role

Music videos
Year Title Artist Notes
2008 "Burnin' Up" Jonas Brothers Played Nick Jonas' love interest

DiscographySee also: Selena Gomez & the Scene discography
SinglesYear Song Chart positions Album
US CAN
2008 "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" 58 — Another Cinderella Story
2009 "Magic" (Originally by Pilot) 61 86 Wizards of Waverly Place
As a featured artist
2009 "Whoa Oh!" (with Forever The Sickest Kids) — — Non-album single
2009 "One and the Same" (with Demi Lovato) 82 — Disney Channel Playlist
2009 "Send It On" (with Demi Lovato, Jonas Brothers, and Miley Cyrus) 20 — Non-album song

Other songsYear Song Album
2006 "Brain Zapped" Brain Zapped
2008 "Cruella de Vil" Disneymania 6
2008 "Tell Me Something I Don't Know" Another Cinderella Story
2008 "New Classic" (featuring Drew Seeley) Another Cinderella Story
2008 "Bang a Drum" Another Cinderella Story
2008 "New Classic" (Live) (featuring Drew Seeley) Another Cinderella Story
2008 "Fly to Your Heart" Tinker Bell
2009 "One and the Same" (with Demi Lovato) Disney Channel Playlist
2009 "Everything Is Not What It Seems" Wizards of Waverly Place
2009 "Disappear" Wizards of Waverly Place
2009 "Magical" Wizards of Waverly Place
2009 "Magic" Wizards of Waverly Place
2010 "Trust in Me" (From Disney's The Jungle Book) Disneymania 7

Music videosYear Title
2008 "Cruella de Vil"
2008 "Tell Me Something I Don't Know"
2008 "Fly to Your Heart"
2009 "One and the Same"
2009 "Magic"
2009 "Send It On"

Awards and nominationsYear Award Category Work Outcome
2008 Alma Award Outstanding Female Performance in a Comedy Television Series Wizards of Waverly Place Nominated
Imagen Awards Best Actress – Television
2009 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Performance in a Youth/Children's Program – Series or Special
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Favorite TV Actress Won
Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries, or Special – Leading Young Actress Another Cinderella Story
Best Performance in a TV Series – Leading Young Actress Wizards of Waverly Place Nominated
Best Performance in a Voice-over Role Horton Hears a Who!
Teen Choice Awards "Choice Summer- Celebrity Dancer" Another Cinderella Story Won
"Choice Summer – TV Star-Female" Princess Protection Program
"Choice Other Stuff – Red Carpet Icon: Female" Herself
Imagen Awards Best Actress – Television Wizards of Waverly Place Nominated
Alma Award Special Achievement Comedy - Television - Actress Won
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards Fave International TV Star Nominated
2010 Gracie Award Outstanding Female Rising Star in a Comedy Series Won
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Performance in a Youth/Children's Program – Series or Special Nominated
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Favorite TV Actress Won
Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries, or Special – Leading Young Actress Princess Protection Program Nominated
BET Awards YoungStars Award Wizards of Waverly Place
American Latino Awards Favorite American Latino Actor Pending
Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress: Comedy Won
Choice Red Carpet Fashion Icon: Female Herself
Choice Summer: Movie Star- Female Ramona and Beezus Nominated
Imagen Awards Best Actress - Television Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards Fave TV Star Wizards of Waverly Place Won


Related Websites:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selena_Gomez
http://www.selenagomez.com/
http://twitter.com/SELENAGOMEZ
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1411125
http://selenaweb.org/
http://www.buddytv.com/selena-gomez.aspx
http://www.facebook.com/Selena?v=app_178091127385
http://www.selena-fan.org/
http://www.myspace.com/selenagomez


TAGS : Selena Gomez Biography, Selena Marie Gomez, Grand Prairie, Texas,Genres, Dance-pop, pop rock, Actress, singer, songwriter, fashion designer, Instruments, Vocals, Labels, Hollywood, American actress, UNICEF, Goodwill Ambassador, Alex Russo,  Alex Russo, Emmy Award-winning, Disney Channel, television, series, Wizards of Waverly Place, movies, Another Cinderella Story, Cinderella Story, Filmography, Discography, Music videos, songs, Singles, Jonas Brothers,


CELEBRITY NEWS
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Thursday, March 28, 2013

Musica Roberto Carlos & Roberto Carlos Musica - Celebrity News

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Musica Roberto Carlos & Roberto Carlos Musica

Birth name Roberto Carlos Braga
Also known as O Rei (The King), Rei da Música Latina (King of Latin Music), Rei Roberto, Zunga
Born April 19, 1941 (1941-04-19) (age 70)
Origin Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Genres Rock, rock and roll, MPB, soul, bossa nova, funk
Occupations Singer-songwriter, actor
Instruments Singer, guitar
Years active 1959–present
Associated acts Jovem Guarda, Erasmo Carlos

ROBERTO CARLOS MUSICA

MUSICA ROBERTO CARLOS

ROBERTO CARLOS PALCO MP3


Roberto Carlos Braga ; born April 19, 1941 in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brazil) is a Grammy Award-winning Brazilian singer and composer, who has achieved a great deal of success and recognition in his 50 year career, also known as King of Latin Music.

Most of his songs are written in partnership with his friends Manuel Morais singer and songwriter Erasmo Carlos. Roberto Carlos has sold over 120 million albums around the world. He is considered one of the most influential artists in Brazil during the 1960s, being cited as a source of inspiration by many artists and bands up to the 1980s. He was one of the first idols of the young Brazilian culture, leading the first major rock made in Brazil. In addition to the records, starred in a TV show Record, called Young Guard (which dubs rock movement), and films inspired by the Beatles released the formula - as "Roberto Carlos Ritmo Aventura", "Roberto Carlos and Diamond Colour: pink "and" Roberto Carlos 300km per hour. " Currently still performing regularly and produces an annual special will air the week of Christmas by Rede Globo, the time that used to be thrown their records annually. Between 1961 and 1998, Robert released a new album every year. His recordings have sold over 120 million copies and set records for selling - in 1994 reached the milestone of 70 million records sold - including recordings in Spanish and English in several countries. He did thousands of shows in hundreds of cities in Brazil and abroad. His fan club is one of the largest in the world. Dozens of artists have done cover versions of his songs. Its popularity has made him known in Brazil and Latin America as The King In 2010, for awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York, the then president of Sony Music, Richard Sanders, titled the King of Latin Music. Having started his career under the influence of rock & roll that came from the United States of America, has emerged in the early 1960s with his own compositions, often done in partnership with friend Erasmo Carlos, and versions of the then-recent successes genre - including "Splish Splash," "The jalopy," "I stopped in the opposite direction" and "No smoking" - laid the groundwork for the first movement of rock made in Brazil. With success, he starred opposite Wanderléa Erasmus and Record a TV program called Young Guard, which would name the musical movement. In this phase, the highlights were numerous hits like "I do not want to see you sad," "Big Bad Wolf," "The girl's dance", "not talk to me," "I stopped to look," "Story of a bad man" "I want you all go to hell," "Forget it," talk is strong, "" Gossip of Candinha "," I will give you the sky, "" Our Song "," girlfriend of a friend of mine, "" I'm terrible "" When, "" Mary, Carnival and Ash, "" Only I like who likes me "," How great is my love for you, "" If you think, "" The songs you did for me "" Jealous of you, "" I love you, love you, love you, "" The road curves Santos, "" The flowers of the garden of our house "," Your stupid. " At the turn of the 1970s, rewrote his repertoire and became rock and roll singer-songwriter basically a romantic who has not changed since then. Soon also changed its target audience, which is no longer the young man and became an adult. In this line, scored more major hits such as "Details," "Amada Amante", "Like two-two," "Under the curls of her hair," "When children leave on vacation," "How are you", "Proposal , "" Gypsy, "" The Gate "," I just want to, "" Beyond the Horizon, "" Look, "" The buds, "" illegal, immoral or fattening, "" Friend, "" Seriously " "Cavalcade", "Again," "strange force", "Breakfast," "In the peace of your smile", "old-fashioned Lover," "Emotions," "bed and table," "wounded beast" "The concave and convex", "Truckers", "Green and Yellow," "Ask to your heart," "Said and done," "loneliness," among others. It also emerged from this phase compositions of a religious nature in his work, some also with great success, as "Jesus Christ", "All Are Deaf," "The Mountain", "Man," "Faith," "I'm here" "War of the Boys," "He is to come" and "Our Lady," among others.

Contents
1 Career
1.1 1960s
1.2 1970s and 80s
1.3 1990s to present
2 Celebrations for his 50th career anniversary
3 Discography
4 Filmography



Career Childhood

Born in the interior of the Holy Spirit in the city of Itapemirim, is the fourth and last son of a watchmaker Robertino Braga (March 27, 1896 - January 27, 1980]) and the seamstress Laura Moreira Braga (Mimoso South 10 April 1914 - Rio de Janeiro, April 17, 2010). The family lived in the neighborhood of Nook, a modest house, on top of a hill. Other family members were: Lauro Roberto Braga, Carlos Alberto Moreira Braga Braga and Norma, who affectionately called Norminha Roberto Carlos. At six years old, on the feast of St. Peter, who is the patron of the city of Cachoeiro Itapemirim, he was hit by a steam locomotive and his right leg had to be amputated to just below the knee. He still uses a prosthesis, but avoids talking about it. As a child he learned to play guitar and piano - first with his mother and later at the Conservatory of Music Itapemirim. The idol at the time was Bob Nelson, an artist who dressed as a cowboy and sang music "country" in Portuguese. Encouraged by his mother, first sang in a children's program on Radio Cachoeiro, for nine years. He introduced himself singing the bolero "Amor y bad love." The prize for first place, received bullets. The singer recalled years later date, reported on the work "Roberto Carlos in Detail", by Paulo Cesar de Araujo: "I was very nervous but very happy to sing on the radio. I got a handful of bullets, which was rewarded as the program children who presented themselves there. It was a beautiful day. " It then became a constant presence of the program, every Sunday believing in your dreams of singing.

1960s
Influenced by his idol Elvis Presley and the 1950s rock revolution, he rose to stardom as the main figure of the 1960s musical movement known as Jovem Guarda (or Young Guard, as opposed to the "Old Guard" of Brazilian music). Although the phrase "Jovem Guarda" came from Russian leader Vladimir Lenin, who was talking about the youth of the Russian Revolution, the Brazilian phrase was created by Paulo Machado de Carvalho. "Jovem Guarda" was the first manifestation of the Brazilian pop rock movement. Since then, Roberto Carlos has been called "O Rei" (the King), as well as Elvis and Pelé.

When his first single and first LP (Louco por você, 1961) were commercial failures, Roberto Carlos was in danger of being fired from CBS in favor of Sérgio Murilo, the first successful rock singer in Brazil. Nevertheless, Murilo was fired instead for clashing with musical director Evandro Ribeiro over repertoire and payment, opening up space for Roberto Carlos. During his first decade of recording, Roberto Carlos also starred in a few motion pictures directed by Roberto Farias, many of them heavily inspired by the Beatles movies.

The young guard or the boom years of the birth of Brazilian and Latin-rock.

Roberto Carlos insisted on investing the time in young music, rock, and in 1962 released "Splish Splash". With his friend Erasmus, Roberto composed versions of the hits album and his own songs as "Splish Splash" and "I stopped in the opposite direction," which became big hits. The following year the singer was back on the charts with the album is No Smoking, in which, besides the title track, the highlight was the song "jalopy". Thus was born the Young Guard. Nationally known, Roberto Carlos began to present the program Young Guard in 1965, TV Record, along with Carlos and Erasmo Wanderléa. The program further popularized the movement and established the singer, who became one of the first idols of the young Brazilian culture. Also in 1965, were released the albums "Roberto Carlos Sing For The Youth" - with hits "Story of a Bad Man," "The Seven Hairy", "I'm a Fan of Monoquíni" and "Do not Want To See You Sad," partnerships with Erasmo Carlos - and "Young Guard" with the hits "What I Go All to Hell", "Big Bad Wolf," "The Ugly" (Getúlio Cortes) and "Is not Chat To Me." In 1966, Roberto Carlos presented the program "Roberto Carlos Night", "Opus 7", "Young Guard High Voltage" and "All the Young World," all of life's ephemeral and TV Record. But what else would mark one year would be a fight for professional reasons, that nearly ended the partnership between Roberto and Erasmo Carlos. The reason for the split was a failure of production of the "Show in Si Monal ..." TV Record, which paid homage to Erasmus. The production of the program had prepared a pot-pourri with Erasmus's most famous compositions, including "I stopped in the opposite direction" and "What I Go All to Hell". The controversy was created because of these songs were composed in partnership with Roberto Carlos, but the credits were given only to Erasmus. The two quarreled, and the partnership was suspended for more than one year. During this period, Roberto wrote "We There Yet?" And "My girlfriend of a Friend" were released on the LP "Roberto Carlos" that year (the album still had the hits "I'll give you Heaven," "Forget" (version Roberto Royal Court), "Black Cat" (Getúlio Cortes) and "Our Song" (Luiz Airão) . In 1967, the friendship-Roberto Erasmo followed shaken, though the present two - along with Wanderlea - the "Young Guard" on TV Record. Roberto Carlos wrote on his own hits like "How's My Love For You," "On This speeding," "When" and "What does it all", which would be released on the LP "Roberto Carlos Pace Adventure" soundtrack of the movie namesake, released the following year, which was produced and directed by Roberto Farias and Jose Lewgoy and cast with Reginaldo Farias. The film became a box office success of the national cinema. The relationship between Roberto and Erasmo Carlos back to normal because of "Adventure In Rhythm." Involved with many professional commitments, Roberto could not finish the lyrics of "I'm terrible," which would be the starting track from the soundtrack of the feature. Then he called for help to the old partner Erasmo Carlos, who helped finalize the letter. Thus, friendship and partnership of the two resumed. Later that year, Roberto Carlos did in Cannes (France) the first exhibitions abroad and participated in some festivals of Brazilian Popular Music. With "Mary, Carnival and Ash" (Luís Carlos Paraná), the singer was in fifth place. Some people hostile to the presence of an icon of the Young Guard - considered "alienated" from the perspective of time. In 1968 was released the LP "The Inimitable." Disc transition in the singer's career, the album had influences in black music (Soul / Funk) U.S. and scored several hits, like "If You Think", "Eu Te Amo, Te Amo, Te Amo," "Mine, and My, It's Mine, "" The Songs You Did To Me "(all partnerships with Erasmo Carlos)," Jealous of You "(Luiz Ayrão) and" And So I Will not Leave You Alone "(Marcos Antonio). Later that year, Roberto Carlos became the first and only Brazilian to win the Festival of San Remo (Italy), with the song "Canzone Per Te", Sergio and Sergio Endrigo Bardott. The change of style would definitely singer in 1969. The album "Roberto Carlos" was marked by a greater romanticism instead of the traditional themes typical of the Young Guard youth. Among the successes of this LP are "Road Curves of Saints," "Stupidity" and "The Flowers of the Garden of Our House", all partnerships with Erasmo Carlos. Later that year, launched the "Roberto Carlos and Diamond Pink-Rosa," the second film directed by Roberto Farias and new success at the box office.

1970s and 80s
After his first decade of success, Carlos moved towards a more serious, adult contemporary approach to singing, whilst consistently continuing to score hits in his country and throughout Latin America, as well as in Portugal, Spain and Italy. In the 1980s, Roberto Carlos also began recording in English and French (he had already recorded albums in Spanish, Italian, and, naturally, Portuguese). He went on to win the Globo de Cristal trophy, awarded by CBS to Brazilian artists who sell more than five million copies outside Brazil. At the same time, his albums continued to break records in his country. Caminhoneiro (1984) aired 3,000 times in a single day, soon topped by his own Verde e Amarelo (1985), with 3,500 spins. From the 1970s, marking the end of the Young Guard and bolster the prestige of Roberto Carlos as a romantic artist in Brazil and abroad (USA, Europe and Latin America). The singer would be the artist who would sell more albums in the country. Several of his songs were recorded by artists as Julio Iglesias, Caravelli and Ray Conniff. In 1970, the singer made a successful series of shows in Canecão. Later that year, it launched the yearbook, which brought such hits as "Ana", "My Clothes Dress Well" and "Jesus Christ", a song which also marked his approach to religion. The following year, was released "Roberto Carlos 300 km per hour," the latest movie and also a great national success. Also in 1971, was released "Roberto Carlos", the album featured hits "Details," "Amada Amante", "All Are Deaf," "Under the curls of her hair" (homage to Caetano Veloso) and "Two and Two "(Caetano). The album "Roberto Carlos" in 1972, resonated with "The Mountain" and "When Kids Went on Vacation" in addition to being the first LP to reach the milestone of one million copies sold, and "Roberto Carlos" 1973, with "Routine" and "Proposal". On December 24, 1974, Globo aired a special singer, who got a huge ratings. From that year, the program would be aired every year, always at the end of the year. In 1975, the hit would be "Beyond the Horizon". The following year the singer would record the new LP in the CBS studios in New York. The album spawned the songs "Illegal, Immoral and Fattening" and "their buttons." In 1977, Roberto Carlos recorded "Very Romantic" (Caetano Veloso) and "Ride", released the Christmas album and reached the first places on the charts. The following year, was released "Roberto Carlos", 1978, which stood out the famous "Breakfast," "Strange Force" (Caetano Veloso) and "Lady Laura" - the latter dedicated to his mother. The album sold one million five hundred thousand copies. In addition to albums that sold more than 1 million copies a year, the shows from Roberto Carlos were also played, in 1978, the singer toured the country for six months, always crowded with houses. When he visited Mexico in 1979, Pope John Paul II was greeted with the song "Friend", sung by a choir of children. The event was broadcast live to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Roberto also engaged in support of the UN International Year of the Child. In the early 1980s, took part in another campaign, this time for the International Year of the Disabled. In 1981, the singer made international tours and recorded the first album in English - others would be released in Spanish, Italian and French. He also recorded the disc annual, which featured hits like "Emotions", "Bed and Board" and "Whales." In 1982, Maria Bethânia participated in the yearbook, the duet "Girlfriend." It was the first time the singer invited another artist to participate in the recordings on the disc. Roberto Carlos (1982) also had the hit song "Wounded Beast," another collaboration with Erasmus. In 1984, his song "Truck driver" has been performed more than three thousand times on the radio in the country in a single day and the next year, "Green and Yellow" mark the battery is being played three thousand and five hundred times .. In 1985 participated in the campaign to help children in Latin America, Cantare in the song she performed with Julio Iglesias, Gloria Estefan, Jose Feliciano, Placido Domingo among others. He won the 1988 Grammy for Best Latin American Singer and the following year, reached the top of Billboard's Latin stop. Also in 1989, had a great impact with "Amazon". In the traditional year-end special Rede Globo sang hits like Again alongside Simone During the 1990s, the continued success of Roberto Carlos both nationally and internationally. In 1992 he recorded his name on the Walk of Fame in Miami in the United States to Latin artists. In 1994, Roberto Carlos managed to beat the Beatles sold well in Latin America, selling over 70 million records. In the same year, Gander national rock artists of the time as Cassia Eller, Kid Rock, Skank and among others, recorded the album in which they interpret King greatest hits of the singer, and this is released the same year. In 1995, led by Roberto Frejat, big names in Brazilian pop-rock like Cássia Eller, Chico Science & Nação Zumbi, Red Baron, and Skank Roberto Carlos honored with writing songs at the time of the Young Guard. The following year, Roberto Carlos scored another success in partnership with Erasmo Carlos, "Woman 40", egravou along with Julio Iglesias, Gloria Estefan, Placido Domingo, Ricky Martin, John Secada among others, the song in Spanish Llegas Puedes, the theme of the Atlanta Olympics in the United States. In 1997, it launched the Spanish-language album "Canciones I love."


In 1986, Carlos performed at Radio City Music Hall in New York and two years later became one of the only Brazilians ever to win a Grammy Award in the category of Best Latin Pop Album with Roberto Carlos / Tolo. In 1998, due to the illness of his wife Maria Rita, Roberto Carlos had to reconcile the disc burning and support for the annual wife hospitalized in Sao Paulo. "Your hard year," that almost was not released, had only four new songs, including "The Ball of Finance", a partnership with Erasmo Carlos and was attended special Dominguinhos. In 1999, the worsening state of health of Maria Rita, followed by his death in December of that year, made the singer failed to make the traditional end of year special on Rede Globo and not burn the disc annually. The record company Sony has just launched "The 30 Greatest Hits (Vol. 1 and 2)", paired with a collection of greatest hits and a career of Roberto unprecedented track, the religious "All Our Ladies," written with Erasmo.

1990s to present
Carlos continued to record through the 1990s, focusing on romantic songs. In the mid 1990s a retro-Jovem Guarda wave hit Brazil, and Carlos—who was considered a has-been amongst a younger generation familiar only with his romantic and sentimental hits directed at a middleaged audience—had his importance cited by younger musicians such as Cássia Eller, Adriana Calcanhotto, Chico Science e Nação Zumbi, Barão Vermelho and Skank. Skank also recorded Rei, a tribute to Roberto Carlos with his classic hits from the heyday of the Jovem Guarda epoch.

In 1998, Carlos' second wife, Maria Rita, discovered she had cancer (she would die in 1999), which shattered his peace of mind. After one year of reclusion, Roberto Carlos returned to recording and performing. In 2001, he broke his contract with Sony (formerly CBS), the recording company through which he had released a vast majority of his albums, due to reasons connected to his wife's death. However, in a 2008 interview, Roberto Carlos stated that he had no intention of retiring from the music industry anytime soon and released an album later that year. In December 2006, was released "Duets" CD with 14 tracks and DVD with 16 numbers, which had taken of the special moments recorded for the Globo since the 1970s. In the same period, the Company launched the book Planet "Roberto Carlos in Detail", by Paulo Cesar de Araujo an unauthorized biography about the singer, a result of research over 16 years and gathered testimonies about 200 people participated in the career of Robert. Roberto Carlos repudiated the publication, claiming that there is untruth in it, and announced its intention to withdraw the work from circulation. Later that year Roberto Carlos won the Latin Grammy for best album of romantic music (album "Roberto Carlos", 2005) In January 2007, the singer made a trip to Spain, where he recorded his first album in Spanish in a decade. The court ruled for the book and Roberto Carlos "Roberto Carlos in Detail" was pulled from stores at the end of February 2007. On April 27, 2007, after a long hearing at the Criminal Forum of Barra Funda, São Paulo, it was determined that a recall of all copies of the book. In June, made presentations at Canecão. In addition to special appearances of the singers Gilberto Gil, Zeca Pagodinho, journalists and Nelson Motta Leda Nagle and established actors and actresses, the show's repertoire included the entirety of "Need to Know Living", a song whose verse "is good and evil there are "the singer refused to sing long before, according to the OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), spoken and relaxed pointing improvements.

Every year, Roberto Carlos hosts a special TV show singing his greatest hits along with special guests. The show has become a tradition in Brazilian television. The house where Carlos was born has also been converted into a museum dedicated to him. On late December 2010 rumors of the Brazilian news said that Roberto Carlos was never going to perform again.

In 2008, Roberto Carlos and Caetano Veloso did a show together in tribute to Antonio Carlos Jobim, which was recorded on CD and DVD "Roberto Carlos, Caetano Veloso and Tom Jobim's music". Jaques Morelenbaum, Daniel Jobim and Wanderlea participated in this show. In 2009, he began a tour celebrating 50 years of his career, and his first concert was in Itapemirim, his hometown, the day he turned 68 years old. That concert was at the stage of gestational age on April 19 that year. In April, the show happened "They sing Roberto - DIVAS ', at the Municipal Theater of São Paulo, which was attended by the great singers of national and Adriana Evans, Alcione, Ana Carolina, Claudia Leitte, Daniela Mercury, Fafa de Belém Fernanda Abreu, Ivete Sangalo, Luiza Possi, Marina Lima, Mart'nália, Nana Caymmi, Paula Toller, Rosemary, Sandy, Wanderlea, Zizi Possi and Hebe Camargo and Marilia Pera. Was considered by the Journal Times of the 100 most influential Brazilians of 2009.

His mother Laura Moreira Braga died on April 17, 2010, at age 96. The news of her death was given minutes after a Roberto Carlos' concert at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

Emotions in Jerusalem Project

In the second half of 2011, the singer will make a big show in the city of Jerusalem. The event in the holy city is already announced since the beginning of the year. Many fans are hoping for a Blu-ray Live-DVD is recorded in days, but nothing has been reviewed by the singer.

Roberto Carlos was homaged by the Beija-Flor samba school in the 2011 Carnival parade.

Celebrations for his 50th career anniversary
A stenciled graffiti of Roberto Carlos in the streets of São Paulo. It depicts the cover of his self-titled 1972 album.On July 11, 2009, to celebrate his 50th career anniversary, Roberto Carlos performed a major show at Maracanã Stadium. It was his first presentation in the stadium. The estimated audience was about 70,000 people.

Roberto Carlos's 50th career anniversary was also celebrated with a major exhibition in the Lucas Nogueira Garcez Pavilion, located in Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo. The interactive expo, opened on March 4, 2010, portrayed the singer's life and career.

Discography
Mostly in Portuguese; some songs in Spanish, English and Italian. As the vast majority of Roberto Carlos' albums are simply self-titled, the most significant hit of each album (usually the first airplay single) is also indicated.

1961 - Louco Por Você
1963 - Splish Splash
1964 - É Proibido Fumar
1964 - Canta à la Juventud
1965 - Canta Para a Juventude
1965 - Jovem Guarda
1966 - Roberto Carlos
1967 - Roberto Carlos em Ritmo de Aventura
1968 - O Inimitável
1969 - Roberto Carlos ("As Flores do Jardim da Nossa casa")
1970 - Roberto Carlos ("Ana")
1971 - Roberto Carlos ("Detalhes")
1972 - Roberto Carlos ("A Janela")
1973 - Roberto Carlos ("A Cigana")
1974 - Roberto Carlos ("Eu Quero Apenas")
1975 - Roberto Carlos ("Quero Que Vá Tudo Pro Inferno")
1976 - Roberto Carlos ("Ilegal, Imoral ou Engorda")
1976 - San Remo 1968
1977 - Roberto Carlos ("Amigo")
1978 - Roberto Carlos ("Fé")
1979 - Roberto Carlos ("Na Paz do Seu Sorriso)
1980 - Roberto Carlos ("A Guerra dos Meninos")
1981 - Roberto Carlos ("As Baleias")
1981 - Roberto Carlos ("In English")
1982 - Roberto Carlos ("Amiga")
1983 - Roberto Carlos ("O Amor é a Moda")
1984 - Roberto Carlos ("Coração")
1985 - Roberto Carlos ("Verde e Amarelo")
1986 - Roberto Carlos ("Apocalipse")
1987 - Roberto Carlos ("Águia Dourada")
1988 - Roberto Carlos ("Se Diverte e Já Não Pensa em Mim")
1988 - Ao Vivo (live recording)
1989 - Roberto Carlos ("Na Paz do seu Sorriso")
1989 - Roberto Carlos ("Amazônia")
1990 - Roberto Carlos ("Super Herói")
1991 - Roberto Carlos ("Todas as Manhãs")
1992 - Roberto Carlos ("Mulher Pequena")
1992 - Roberto Carlos ("Emoções")
1993 - Inolvidables
1993 - Roberto Carlos ("Obsessão")
1994 - Roberto Carlos ("Alô")
1995 - Roberto Carlos ("Amigo Não Chore Por Ela")
1996 - Roberto Carlos ("Mulher de 40")
1997 - Roberto Carlos ("Canciones que Amo")
1998 - Roberto Carlos ("Eu Te Amo Tanto")
1999 - Mensagens (songs of faith)
1999 - Grandes Sucessos (Greatest Hits)
2000 - Amor Sem Limites
2000 - Grandes Canciones (2 CDs)
2001 - Acústico (Unplugged)
2002 - Ao Vivo (Live)
2003 - Pra Sempre
2004 - Pra Sempre Ao Vivo No Pacaembu (live)
2005 - Roberto Carlos ("Arrasta uma Cadeira")
2006 - Duetos (Duets)
2008 - En Vivo (In Spanish)
2008 - Roberto Carlos e Caetano Veloso e a música de Tom Jobim
Filmography
1968 - Em Ritmo de Aventura
1970 - O Diamante Cor De Rosa
1971 - A 300 km Por Hora
2000 - Em Ritmo de Aventura
2000 - O Diamante Cor De Rosa
2000 - A 300 km Por Hora
2001 - Acústico MTV
2001 - Acústico Gold Serie Limitada
2004 - Pra Sempre Ao Vivo no Pacaembu
2006 - Antologia (CD + DVD)
2006 - Duetos
2008 - Roberto Carlos ao Vivo (CD + DVD)